Chapters in Heat & Thermodynamics

Introduction
Joules Mechanical equivalent of heat
Thermodynamic systems
Internal energy
Work done in volume change
Work done in cyclic process
Statement of first law thermodynamics
Types of thermodynamic processes
Specific heat of a gas
Relation between two molar heat capacities of a gas (Mayers formula)
Equation of state for isothermal process and work done in isothermal process
Equation of state for adiabatic process and work done in an adiabatic process
Reversible and irreversible process
Limitations of first law of thermodynamics

Some important questions

Introduction
Statements of second law of thermodynamics
Carnot engine
Kelvin temperature scale
Internal combustion engine
Petrol engine and diesel engine
Refrigerator
Entropy

Some important questions

A quick tip (2)

One quick tip for studying heat and thermodynamics in grade 12 would be to focus on understanding the fundamental concepts and their applications rather than just memorizing formulas. Try to visualize and relate the concepts to real-world situations, and practice solving problems to reinforce your understanding. Also, pay attention to units and their conversions, as they can greatly affect your calculations.

Create concept maps or diagrams to organize the different topics and their relationships. This can help you visualize the connections between different concepts and make it easier to remember them. Additionally, try to connect the concepts you're learning to everyday experiences, such as cooking or heating a room, to make the material more relatable and engaging. Finally, don't forget to review regularly and practice applying the concepts to solve different types of problems.

Thank you !

Chapter -1 First Law Of Thermodynamics

(See this complete note of First-law-of-thermodynamics.)

(Source : FB-page, Physics for +2 level)

A quick tip (First-law-of thermodynamics)

One quick tip for studying the First Law of Thermodynamics in Grade 12 NEB would be to understand the different forms of energy and their interconversion. The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only be transferred or converted from one form to another. Therefore, it is important to understand the different forms of energy, such as kinetic, potential, thermal, and internal energy, and how they are related to each other.

From, dQ= dU + dW
Do remember that machines(system) are our servant in physics so it must do our work so that work is positive, if we do the work / if work is done in system, that work is negative in convention. But heat should be provided by us to make it positive and if heat is given out of system that is negative in convention.

Finally, try to relate the concepts to real-world examples, such as the operation of an engine or the heating and cooling of a room, to help you better understand and remember the material.

Thank you !

Chapter -2 Second Law Of Thermodynamics

(See this complete note of second-law-of-thermodynamics.)

(Source : FB-page, Physics for +2 level)

A quick tip (Second-law-of thermodynamics)

One quick tip for studying the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Grade 12 NEB syllabus would be to understand the different statements of the Second Law, such as the Clausius and Kelvin-Planck statements. The Clausius statement states that heat cannot flow spontaneously from a colder object to a hotter object, while the Kelvin-Planck statement states that no heat engine can operate in a cycle and produce net work while exchanging heat with a single reservoir.

Another tip would be to practice applying the concepts of the Second Law to various situations, such as heat engines, refrigerators, and other different cycles. Pay attention to the different types of processes involved, such as isothermal, adiabatic, and reversible processes, and their effect on the efficiency of the system.

Finally, try to relate the concepts to real-world examples, such as the efficiency of a car engine or the performance of a refrigerator, to help you better understand and remember the material.

Thank you !

About author

Samrat Manandhar

An electrical engineering student || Cosmic Enthusiast

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Welcome to our page dedicated to helping Grade 12 students prepare for their upcoming NEB Board Exam! As the creator of this page, I am committed to providing students with a comprehensive resource to make their exam preparation easier.

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Chapters in Heat & Thermodynamics

1. First Law of Thermodynamics

2. Second law of thermodynamics

A quick tip (2)

Chapter -1 First Law Of Thermodynamics

(See this complete note of First-law-of-thermodynamics.)

(Source : FB-page, Physics for +2 level)

A quick tip (First-law-of thermodynamics)

Chapter -2 Second Law Of Thermodynamics

(See this complete note of second-law-of-thermodynamics.)

(Source : FB-page, Physics for +2 level)

A quick tip (Second-law-of thermodynamics)

Samrat Manandhar